Dear viewer, these subtitles were generated by a machine via the service YouTube and therefore are (very) buggy. If you are capable, please help us to create good quality subtitles: https://c3subtitles.de/talk/393 Thanks!
so I'm going to start with requests for
you first if you take a photo of me
please do not put it in Facebook or
Instagram that company is a monstrous
surveillance engine
second please do not take a photo of me
with an eye thing if it is putting in
geolocations or if it might be uploading
photos automatically please keep the
light on the audience do not dim the
lights please I don't want to fall
asleep that's not what I'm here for
if some of you want to sleep with me
maybe we could arrange it tonight but
not here in this Auditorium
yeah
oh so
um
second if you make a recording audio or
video and you want to distribute copies
please distribute them only in the
formats that are favorable to free
software which are the OG formats or the
webm format please do not distribute
copies in mp anything
especially don't let them be distributed
in flesh
which requires non-free software
so YouTube is not a good place
and don't distribute them with Windows
Media Player Real Player or QuickTime
please don't ever distribute anything
through iTunes which requires non-free
software to download uh Apple has
intentionally broken free software that
used to work to download from iTunes
so down with iTunes
and down with Apple
and please
make sure that
the site doesn't lead people to run
non-free software as they try to access
it which I which YouTube does
unfortunately the HTML5 option of
YouTube requires running non-free
JavaScript code
now you can get things from from YouTube
without non-free software if you use
YouTube DL but that's not what the site
leads people to do
ah
and please put on the recording the
Creative Commons no derivatives license
because this is a presentation of my
point of view
so freedom in your computer depends on
free software free software is the basis
of all freedom in Computing and all
Security in Computing
now when I say free software I don't
mean that it's Gratis I'm not talking
about price I'm talking about free as in
Libra or fry
it's supposed to be
free as in Freedom not as in price so
think of free speech not free beer
and if your language has a clearer word
always use it so if you're speaking
French never use the English term free
software always say logician Libra it's
clearer
and if you're speaking German it's uh
Freya software
it's there's a tendency to use English
words as if somehow they had more
Prestige but here's a place where the
English language has a flaw
it causes confusion so if you've got
another word in another language that's
good to use always use it I make a point
of saying Gratis whenever I mean zero
price I do not use the word free to mean
zero price because I want to make it
clearer for people at least to
understand what I say
so what is a computer it's a universal
machine that does a simple thing it gets
the next instruction carries it out and
gets another instruction and by giving
it the right set of instructions you can
make it do just about anything well not
absolutely anything there are some
limits maybe in 50 years we'll be able
to do this as well
uh so the question is who gives the
instructions to your computer
well you're typing on the computer maybe
you think you're giving it instructions
but uh it's running a program and if
that program wasn't written by you then
you're not actually giving it the
instructions somebody else's
who may not have your interests at heart
at all
so this is the crucial question
and it may look like the
eye thing is obeying you but really it's
obeying somebody else's orders first of
all and serving you as much as the
somebody else is willing to allow it to
so basically with software there are two
possibilities either the users control
the program
uh or the program or the program
controls the users
well when the for the users to control
the program they need the four essential
freedoms and those freedoms are the
Criterion for free software
so if the program give comes with the
four essential freedoms it's free
software because that means the users
control the program
um
so what are these freedoms well
wait this is
these are in the wrong
order wait I fixed this
um
foreign
version
how do I
tell it to I don't know how to get out
of this mode either I'm stuck
okay
I'm not I don't find these graphical
interfaces very clear you see
[Applause]
no this is still the wrong order
uh
so
uh
so if the users don't control the
program then the program controls the
users and somebody else controls the
program so that program is actually a
yoke
to control the users giving gives
somebody else in this case Microsoft
power over those users a non-free
program is an instrument giving somebody
power over the users it's a yoke it's uh
it's an injustice and non-free software
should not exist so here are the Four
Freedoms
Freedom zero is the freedom to run the
program as you wish so you can run it in
whichever computers you wish as many
computers As You Wish do whatever you
wish with it use it in the fashion you
wish
for whatever purpose
Freedom one is the freedom to change the
program
to study the source code and then change
the source code so the program functions
as you wish and does your Computing the
way you want it to do
now Freedom one requires the source code
because executables are incomprehensible
basically to figure out what they do is
a hard job called reverse engineering
so the point is it's supposed to be easy
for people to change the program and
make it do what they want so to be free
software it's got to come with source
code
but what if you're not a programmer and
you look at source code and you think
what in the world is this it's true
with freedoms zero and one the each user
separately gets control over the program
and that's not much good if you don't
know how to program
yes you could pay a programmer to make
the change for you the same way you
could pay carpenters and plumbers and
Painters to change your house but really
separate control is not enough
we need Collective control which means
that a group of users can work together
to exercise their control over what the
program should do you know taking out
parts and adding parts and in this group
some of the people have to be
programmers
if nobody were a programmer they'd still
be lost but they don't all have to be
programmers so the the non-programmers
can be participating in the decisions
about what the things should do even
though they don't write the code now the
group doesn't have to be everybody in
the world in this image you see that
there are uh two people who are using
the program and they're not
participating in that group well they
could if the others want to work with
them they could make their own group
they could join with other users or they
could just stay on their own and
exercise individual control so this
requires two more essential freedoms
Freedom two is the freedom to
redistribute the program to make exact
copies and give or sell them to others
when you wish and freedom three is the
freedom to make copies of your modified
versions and give or sell them to others
when you wish with these two additional
freedoms
the members of any group are free to
cooperate adjusting the program to fit
their needs or desires and they can also
offer it to the rest of the world to the
public if they wish
so what happens when the users do not
control the program then the program
controls the users and the owner
controls the program so that's a system
of unjust power the purpose of a
non-free program is to subjugate people
and typically that leads to malicious
functionalities
many of the most widely used non-free
programs are malware
now note that malware is a totally
different kind of issue a different
concept the difference between free
software and proprietary software is a
matter of how the program is distributed
to users on what conditions for instance
it's distributed
and the same code any code could be
distributed as free software any code
could be distributed as proprietary
software sometimes the same code is
distributed both ways in parallel
so it's a matter of how the code is
distributed
it's not a technical issue it's not a
technical distinction between free and
proprietary
technical distinctions are things like
what features does the program have how
do they work how was the code written
those are all technical things
this is a social ethical and political
distinction which is why it's so
important
so
the use of a free program in society is
development in Social terms every
program embodies knowledge if it's free
software that knowledge is available to
the users they can read the source code
and understand how it works then they
can maintain adapt and extend the
program and use their knowledge in other
ways too
but the use of a proprietary program in
society is not development its
dependence imposed dependence on one
particular entity the program's owner
that
is a social problem when we see people
using non-free software we should aim to
put an end to that social problem
to develop a free program is a
contribution to society how much depends
on the details obviously if it's a very
useful program it contributes a lot if
it hardly works at all it contributes
very little but if it's free software
it's distributed in such a way that it
does contribute
whatever it has to offer but developing
a proprietary program is no contribution
because it's a power grab an attempt to
subjugate people
in Social terms this non-free program is
a trap if it has attractive features
those are the bait paradoxically they do
not make it better rather they make it
more dangerous and more harmful
so if you have the choice to contribute
to proprietary software or do nothing at
all
ethically you must do nothing at all
because that way you don't do harm or
wrong or Injustice
of course in real life you'd probably
have other choices which are better than
both of these so take them
but if we limit the consideration to
just these two options contribute to
proprietary software or do nothing doing
nothing is superior you see a free
program is better than nothing and a
proprietary program is worse than
nothing
so for instance uh what if you have no
money
and you need to eat something you're
hungry well you don't have to limit
yourself to these two options because
you've got a better option which is
steal some food
it's not exactly nice but it's better
than developing proprietary software
that's really wrong
[Music]
of course civilized countries would
provide you with some food you know not
mine though
three
so
um the idea of the free software
movement is all programs should be free
so that all their users can be free
but I was starting to talk about malware
and explain how it's a different issue
from free versus proprietary because
malware means a program designed to run
in a way that hurts the users so it's
purely a question of what features or
functionalities it has
philosophically free versus proprietary
and malware or not are totally unrelated
issues but in practice they go together
proprietary software tends to be malware
what does it do to people well it spies
on people this is something that the I
things really did reporting on where
people went in stores Apple could
extract lots of personal information
remotely from an eye thing
the Amazon Swindle reports what page of
what book
is being read it's a monstrous spy
device it also has a universal back door
I believe
but then there is the notorious Blu-ray
that attacks users and stops them from
doing things this is DRM digital
restrictions management the malicious
functionality of refusing to do what you
want it to do what you obviously were
going to want it to do
and then there are back doors like the
one in the Amazon Swindle that allows
Amazon to remotely delete books
they deleted thousands of copies of the
book 1984 in an orwellian act
hmm
and then there are the devices that are
jails which impose censorship of
application programs Apple started this
uh and the users themselves said that
when they found a way to defeat the
censorship they called it jailbreaking
recognizing that these computers are
jails Microsoft followed Apple Microsoft
is building jails too
and then there is sabotage Sony
sabotaged all the PlayStation 3s telling
the users they had to uh either install
a downgrade which would deny features
and deny the ability to install other
operating systems such as gnu plus Linux
or they would be unable to talk to
Sony's Game Network so the product was
sold with two features and then Sony
told them to throw away one or the other
sabotage
sometimes they're a universal back doors
for instance Windows has a universal
back door Microsoft can remotely impose
software changes
and then there is another kind of
sabotage when Microsoft tells the NSA
about bugs in Windows before it fixes
them
essentially attacking all its own
customers
well what this means is lots of
proprietary software that lots of people
use is actually malware and they're just
getting dragged Along by this malware
and in fact most users are proprietary
software are victims of proprietary
malware products and I've proved it with
this list of examples I showed you
because most of them are using those oh
by the way nearly all portable phones
have a universal back door and it has
been used to convert them into listening
devices that listen all the time and
transmit whatever they hear except the
NSA has an improved version that
recognizes certain keywords and only
transmits the interesting conversations
and
you can't stop this by shutting it off
because it's part of the changes it
pretends to shut off it shuts off the
screen it looks like it's off but it's
still running listening and transmitting
the only way to stop it is to remove all
the batteries including the secondary
batteries that can't be removed
so nearly all users of proprietary
software are being victimized by
proprietary malware
of course the reason they do this is
typically for profit it's not that
they're sadists that enjoy mistreating
people no they're totally egoistical and
they do this for profit uh like they the
more users they make captive the more
they can sell to somebody else
and in effect proprietary software is
all A Swindle
and they're not even ashamed of it
they have conferences where they talk
about their latest advances in how to
make users captive and mistreat them
in effect
the proprietary software world is one
where the ethical standards of treating
the customers or the users have
disappeared any mistreatment of those
users is okay
there may be some pesky laws or
regulations they have to find an excuse
to bypass like getting all the users to
click and say okay uh
Nintendo discovered it needed the users
to say okay to something that they
hadn't said okay to before so it
remotely installed uh bricking software
in every Wii uh so that they all start
all refused to run until the user said
okay to a new a new end user license
agreement
so where can you escape we have built
the place to escape too it's the gnu
plus Linux operating system
so where how did it come about well in
1984
in 1984 I started developing the gnu
operating system I said this system was
going to be entirely free software so
um
I started writing some pieces
I wrote some pieces I recruited specific
people to write other pieces in some
cases I persuaded developers to free
their software like BSD BSD existed
already in 1983 when I announced the gnu
project it was a proprietary modified
version of Unix
you couldn't get the source code of BSD
except by showing UC Berkeley your a t
Source license which cost fifty thousand
dollars
so I visited the people developing BSD
and I said at T is not a charity why are
you donating your work to a T
please separate your code out and
release your code as free software
so and of course the reason I wanted
them to do this is so we could use those
programs as part of the gnu system and a
couple of years later they started doing
that by 1992 we had almost all of an
initial unix-like operating system but
the one component that was one essential
major essential component was missing
the kernel which is the component that
allocates the computer's resources to
everything else you run
in 1992 Mr Torvalds
who had a proprietary unix-like kernel
called Linux freed it in 1991 when he
started it it was it was released as
proprietary software but in 92 he made
it free and the combination of gnu and
Linux was a complete free operating
system for the first time you could buy
a PC and run it in Freedom
so
[Music]
in some basic sense gnu plus linux's
free software but when you find it in
real life often non-free programs have
been added to it
so you might find non-free applications
at the top and non-free drivers at the
bottom
and uh the result is You've Got A system
that doesn't entirely respect your
freedom
nowadays the way you get good news Linux
is at as a distribution or distro well
there are over a thousand distros and
nearly all of them contain non-free
software
but there are a few that are entirely
free entirely Freedom respecting look at
gnu.org distros for the list
we also explain for the well-known
non-free distros why they fall short
what's what non-free stuff do they have
in a general sense
hmm I see that these slides still need
some work although I thought I had
corrected all these things
so
there are still problems
uh just because we have a free operating
system doesn't mean we end up with
freedom completely
well first of all
first of all uh
I should explain something about free
software and security
free software is the basis the necessary
basis for cyber security if you can't
see what's going on in the program and
you can't fix it
you're totally helpless and that means
you can't you can't make it secure you
have no chance to try to make it secure
in addition every non-free program is
under the control of its developer which
means it gives you zero security against
the developer or any of the developers
friends or anybody that infiltrates the
developer uh think of Microsoft showing
the bugs to the NSA
all users of Windows are suckers
[Music]
but we don't know I don't know about any
other companies that show bugs to the
NSA like that but any company might or
might not the point is
with non-free software
you can never check it to see whether
there is there's a back door you can't
tell if the company is going to sabotage
you every non-free program demands Blind
Faith it's the only possible basis for
trusting it Blind Faith so all non-free
software does Computing for suckers
so the only way you begin to have a
chance to make something secure is if
you have control over it in other words
it's got to be free software
when the user is a government
it could afford in many cases to hire
people to check everything it could you
know uh the German government could
afford to have five independent teams
that don't know about each other check
over all the source code of all the
programs in its favorite good news Linux
distro
thank you
you and I can't afford to do that but
we're part of a community which more or
less does this job
which is better than being users of
proprietary software where nobody's
permitted to do this job
uh free software is the only known
defense against malware and therefore
it's the only possible basis for cyber
security
the users of proprietary software are
defenseless
they're helpless
so even though our defense against
malware is not perfect
it's a lot better than being defenseless
and it's the only defense that anyone
knows of
security
requires that users have control of
their software
of course it's harder than that because
security also means perfection in
exercising that control being perfect is
hard which is why security flaws show up
I don't have a solution for that problem
I don't know how we're going to be
perfect I do know that perfectly
exercising our control over our software
depends on having control over our
software
so I can
I can take you to the jumping off place
to try to have security
and proprietary software
won't take you anywhere near that
jumping off point
we don't just do things inside our own
computers now we use the net
and we find other ways of attacking our
freedom there for instance many web
pages contain non-free programs written
in the JavaScript language but really
which language they're written in
doesn't change anything those programs
can be free or non-free just like any
other programs
and they can be malware also a lot of
them are designed to recognize who the
user is
um
then there's another way to lose control
of your Computing which is SAS Service
as a software substitute this is when a
service offers to do something for you
which is your own Computing in which in
principle you could do in your own
computer by running your copy of the
appropriate free program
well since that's your Computing you
deserve to have control over it if you
let somebody else's server do it for you
and Google is not the only one uh and
it's the same issue no matter who it is
but then you lose control
and uh
what that means is
well the scenario is
to use SAS you have to send all the
pertinent data to the server
and then the Computing is done by
programs in the server which you can't
see or touch and then they have results
and they send them back to you
or else it takes action on your behalf
and either way you don't control that
Computing by allowing it to be done in
that server
by programs chosen by the server owner
rather than in your computer by free
programs chosen by you you lose control
you lose control over that Computing
activity
now if you run a non-free program to do
it you also lose control
but it's a different mechanism that
causes you to lose control in both cases
however the result is the same you're
doing Computing that you don't have
control over someone else controls it
says is inherently equivalent to running
a non-free program but it's even worse
since you have to send all the data to
the server first
in effect it's equivalent to spyware
it's equivalent to running a pro a
program that sends your data to a server
in addition
I explained that some non-free programs
have Universal back doors
for instance Windows has a universal
back door the Amazon Swindle nearly all
portable phones and I think Google Play
has a universal backdoor too
what a upgrade that you can't turn off
is a universal back door uh the Nintendo
Wii U obviously has a universal back
door that Nintendo used to sabotage them
and brick them all
uh
well
a universal back door means that
somebody has the power to remotely
change how the user's Computing is done
without asking the user
SAS means the server owner at any time
can install different software and thus
change how the user's Computing is done
without asking the user for permission
now it's right that the server owner has
the power to install different software
in his computer he should be free to do
that the bad part comes from using it as
SAS
but that is the result so SAS is
inherently equivalent to running a
non-free program which is spyware and
has a universal back door
[Applause]
so the only solution is don't use SAS
for instance translation servers of any
kind their SAS
now
we have to fight back for instance we
have to protest whenever the
representatives of the companies that
mistreat people show up to speak recruit
or whatever
if there's an apple or Microsoft or
adobe or Etc recruiting team coming to
your University well organize a protest
and teach explain to people why why that
company is doing harm
some schools actually sell
proprietary software or Hardware with
proprietary software installed it's good
to protest those activities too
so we need to free ourselves by coming
together Linux but we have obstacles to
face to cross before we get there for
instance these companies have a lot of
power and they make a lot of money for
it they're not going to let go of their
captives easily we're going to have to
push and we're going to have to push
hard
another obstacle comes from the fact
that the mainstream media have forgotten
about free software when they talk about
our work they call it something else
they call it open source
that term was coined in 1998 which is 14
years after we started developing new
by people in the free software Community
they were real participants they were
users Distributors developers and so on
but they didn't agree with the free
software movement they didn't agree that
users deserve freedom in their Computing
and that that this means control of
their own software
so they wanted a way to disconnect free
software from the ideals of the free
software movement they did this by
coining a term that hadn't been used
before which was open source then they
had the chance to construct a different
discourse around this term which meant
they could decide which ideas to include
and which ideas to leave out they left
out the entire ethical Foundation of
what the free software movement says and
they present it purely in Practical
terms where we say the values are uh
freedom and Community they say the
values are code quality they say we we
say if you distribute a program it is
ethically incumbent on you to respect
the Four Freedoms to let the users
change and redistribute the software
that's the only way you can treat them
decently and respect their freedom they
in the open source people say if you
distribute a program it could be in your
practical interest to let users change
and redistribute the software because
then they'll improve it they'll give it
better code quality
so they've changed the values for us
freedom and Community for them code
quality
they've replaced it is ethically
incumbent on you this is the only way
you can treat them right with it may be
in your practical interest too
so they don't say that proprietary
software is wrong this is the big
difference in substance between what
they say and what we say this is why I
never use the term quote open source
unquote or quote closed Source unquote
I have made sure I never use those terms
I mention them inside quotation marks
but I don't use them
you can help the free software movement
by
standing up for what we believe
so where the open source boosters are
saying we would like better quality
join us in saying we demand Freedom not
just we would like Freedom no we demand
freedom and we're ready to fight for it
we're ready to make sacrifices for it
because sometimes Freedom requires a
sacrifice
that's what open source doesn't teach
people that because it doesn't say that
something important is at stake why
would you make a big sacrifice or even a
small sacrifice for better code quality
that's desirable but it's not really
important so you wouldn't make a
sacrifice you don't sacrifice
convenience to get convenience but for
Freedom maybe you will sacrifice
convenience
[Applause]
I should point out that I also reject
the term open Hardware
I use the term free Hardware Designs
because that's after all what you can
cut you can copy there there isn't a
copier for digital circuits but there
are copiers for designs for digital
circuits you can't edit a digital
circuit a digital P piece of Hardware
with your computer but you can edit a
design for one with your computer did
real analogy is between software and
Hardware Designs and
it's important to push for free Hardware
Designs if you design Hardware please
make your designs free
and part of the reason for this is that
often
an obstacle we encounter is the specs of
the hardware are secret
we they'll sell us the hardware but they
won't tell us how to run it they won't
tell us what commands it needs instead
they say here's a non-free program to
run our product run it and shut up
well we can't have freedom if we're
running that non-free program we need
reverse engineering
every University should teach reverse
engineering focusing on
focusing on figuring out the specs for
Hardware
and in the meantime choose the devices
that don't require your system to
install non-free firmware into them
schools must teach free software they
must teach the Civic ideas of free
software which I'm telling you today and
also the software they teach the
students to use must be free because the
school has a social mission to educate
good citizens of a society that is
strong capable independent cooperating
and free
so
teaching kids to use proprietary
softwares like teaching them to smoke
tobacco
wait a second
this is funny uh I'm advancing here but
it's not advancing there
oh yuck
well that's too bad I'll just
you don't get to see these it looks like
let's see if this
fixes anything
[Music]
no
it's not doing anything it's just that
one's stuck on the old slide
I don't know how this is what could
cause this to happen
uh it is but
I don't I didn't write this program
it
I couldn't debug it here I'm afraid so
uh this shows somebody offering a disc
with an apple on it and a pack of
cigarettes to a kid
uh
but that's sort of what they what they
do you know tobacco companies did offer
Gratis cigarettes to kids
and now computer companies offer Gratis
or low price copies to schools to get
the students hooked but
uh the schools
but to teach a non-free program to the
students
is implanting dependence in society
which contradicts the social mission of
the school so they should never do it
in addition
when the school should have a rule
saying students if you bring software to
class you may not keep it for yourself
you must share it with the rest of the
class including the source code in case
someone wants to learn because this
class is a place where we share our
knowledge therefore you're not allowed
to bring proprietary software to class
unless it's for reverse engineering
specifically
through
another
reason where it is so that uh it's for
the sake of the kids who have a talent
for programming and they want to learn
how these things work
so uh
um
so if it's proprietary it's a secret
they're not allowed to learn
uh it's really strange how I don't know
how this could show something different
anyway
but if the program is free software the
teacher can explain what he knows and
then gives give each of those students a
copy of the source code saying read this
and you'll understand everything
and those kids are fascinated so they'll
read it and the teacher can then say if
you come across a point you can't figure
out by yourself
show it to me and we'll figure it out
together and that's how our talented
young programmer gets to learn that that
code is badly written
don't write it that way how do you
advance from being a talented natural
programmer to a good programmer you have
to learn what is clear code and what's
not clear code the way you learn that is
by finding code that's hard to
understand and then you know that's the
wrong way
it
this might be the one to do it
yeah ah here it's come back
uh
so
free software permits education
proprietary software does not allow
education thus proprietary software is
the enemy of the spirit of education and
should not be tolerated in a school
except for reverse engineering
human rights depend on each other if you
lose one kind of human right you you
tend to lose others as well now that we
use software so much in our lives and an
important social and public activities
free software is one of the human rights
that the others depend on we must insist
on establishing a society of free
software
this does require
sacrifices occasionally
uh so how do you help well you can write
free software if you're a programmer
you can organize people to campaign for
free software to pressure schools and
governments to change to help other
people change to teach other people
these ideas I've told you today
uh you can help other users start a good
news Linux User Group
uh just by saying free software
especially if the other people around
you prefer to say open source will help
us they were the majority in 1998 ever
and they're still the majority and
they've even misled people people think
that I'm an open source supporter I've
read articles that called me the father
of Open Source
what am I going to do
so I send a letter to the editor saying
if I'm the father of Open Source it was
conceived through artificial
insemination using stolen sperm without
my knowledge or consent
but I can't do it all we you need to do
it too
so of course free software alone won't
block all the kinds of surveillance that
they're doing to us
it prevents them from spying on you
through your own computer but what about
tracking you on the street through a
Wi-Fi through a mobile phone if you
carry one I won't uh because I don't
want to tell Big Brother where I am all
the time uh they can't what about the
cameras now there's an algorithm to
recognize to track a person from One
camera to another uh you know what about
the license plate recognizing cameras
that track all the cars and if you pay
for your the bus or train with a car
that is associated with your name they
track you there what about all your
phone calls basically
to make
uh digital technology safe for democracy
we need to stop governments from
collecting enough data to identify the
dissidence and the whistleblowers
because when they identify them they
crush them
[Music]
um
and without whistleblowers we don't have
democracy we can't control what the
government does if we can't find out
what it's doing
so democracy depends on whistleblowers
which depends on people's ability to be
whistleblowers and not be imprisoned for
it
so
how hard is that if that requires the if
that requires the courage and knowledge
and careful planning of a Snowden we're
not going to have very many
whistleblowers we have to make it safe
and easy which means we must redesign
all the digital systems so that they do
not accumulate digital dossiers about
people
take a look for this issue at gnu.org
philosophy slash surveillance vs
democracy.html for a lot of specific
technical suggestions about how to do
this more generally look at gnu.org
distros for info on free Linux distros
look at gnu.org gnu for the history of
gnu and explaining why you really should
call it gnu Linux and give us equal
mention
if you call it Linux you're giving the
credit for our work to someone who
doesn't who didn't do as much and
started later and doesn't stand for our
ideals either
and look at gnu.org licenses for more
information on all the free software
licenses almost every open source
program is in fact a free program
uh the the open source licenses that are
actually used much are free software
licenses but of course you have the
choice there's copy left where you
actively defend the freedom of that code
for all users of all versions and then
there are the weak pushover licenses
like the two different licenses
sometimes called MIT
and the be two different BSD licenses
and the Apache License they're different
in certain ways but they're all weak
pushover licenses lacks licenses because
they permit proprietary versions of the
code
why open the door for someone to use
your code to subjugate other people
why not insist anything with your code
in it has to re respect the freedom of
its users
now it's time
oh also gnu.org philosophy has lots of
articles about various political and
philosophical and ethical issues and
gnu.org help suggests ways to help us
now it's time for the auction this is an
adorable canoe that needs a home so I'm
going to auction for the benefit of the
free software foundation and then sell
it to the winner outside because sales
are not allowed here
so
if you buy it I will sign the card for
you if you have a penguin at home you
need to get a GNU for your penguin
because a penguin can hardly function
without a canoe
please quiet please quiet there's not
much time please quiet please quiet let
me continue now uh we can accept
payments in cash with a bank card if it
can make international purchases by
phone or with Bitcoin if you have
something year to make the payment in
front of me uh and when you bid please
wave your arm and Shout the amount so I
can hear you so I notice you I'm going
to start with the regular price of 20
euros do I get 20 euros
I I've got 20 do I get 30
is that you is are you are you are you
the one who bit 200
where
who said 200.
could you stand up the person who bid
200 is that you okay I've got 200
do I get 225
do I get to 25
225 for this adorable canoe
[Music]
225 or more to the free software
Foundation to defend freedom
do I get 225 or more
is someone bidding
stand up please stand up please if
you're bidding stand up if you're
bidding
okay that's too bad I lost my glasses on
the way here I'm having trouble seeing
it could you look for people and point
out to me who you see
uh okay I've got 225 do I get 250
you bidding 250 I've got 250 do I get
275
do I get 275 for this adorable canoe
275 is someone bidding are you bidding
275 I've got 275 do I get 300.
do I get 300
300 for this adorable canoe
I've got 300.
do I get 350. let's move it along do I
get 350 350 for this adorable canoe
by the way outside it when this lens are
going to be selling lots of much cheaper
gnu merchandise
[Applause]
okay do I get I I've got uh do I get 350
[Applause]
.
[Applause]
do I get 350 do do I get 350 for the
free software Foundation 350 for this
adorable canoe
last chance to bid 350 or more last
chance
last chance
do I get 350 or more
Last Chance going
going gone for 300. please come up
with a person who bid 300 please come up
please come to your son okay now I have
time just wait around I can't sew it now
I'll do it when we go out in a few
minutes if I can answer a small number
of questions
hello we have five minutes for questions
now and there are six numbers
microphones for people who want to ask
questions please line at the microphones
in an orderly Fashions and I code the
number of okay there's this very brief
don't don't thank me don't apologize for
asking don't explain anything just ask
we have a question right now microphone
number one please
[Applause]
um I want to run free software on
computers which run a proprietary
firmware and it runs over I communicate
these computers over non-free networks I
can you comment it's a meaningless thing
to say the network is free or not this
concept of Freedom applies to works that
is things that are published and you can
have copies you can edit the copies you
can redistribute them a network is a
different kind of thing and different
ethical issues apply to it so you
shouldn't start saying things like this
network is free or non-free services are
not free or non-free they raise other
ethical issues like what do they do with
your data how much do they know about
you uh do they track you are they SAS uh
but basically the non-free firmware is a
problem
if it if it is firmware that's not meant
ever to be changed we can regard it as
part of the circuitry it's equivalent to
a circuit that doesn't mean it can't be
malicious there's malicious circuitry
and ordinary PCS too but the hardware is
a different kind of issue because we
can't edit it and recompile
so what that means is yes it can be bad
but the solution that I worked out for
software doesn't directly apply
now someday we we hope it will someday
we hope we'll have personal fabrication
and we'll be able to make our own
Hardware with circuits that are not
malicious and with firmware that's free
and so on that's a future step that you
can help by developing free Hardware
Designs now
um
but in the meantime at least make the
software free
there's very little time for questions
so if you're standing in line and you're
not the first in line at the microphone
you're not likely to have the time for
your question for you to apologize but
have a question that's microphone number
two please
oh um many people would still might like
to make a living out of selling their
software so which business model would
use okay the first question is they
might point is they might like to do
that but if they but that doesn't
justify or excuse doing it in an
unethical way proprietary software is an
injustice they shouldn't do that uh but
there are there are many free software
business models like there is selling
support there is constructing custom
Solutions paid by the clients you can
deliver the solutions free software the
client's still going to have to pay uh
there is crowdfunding there's just plain
asking for donations there's a GNU
package called lilypond for editing
musical scores and the maintainer gets
enough money just from users that are
happy and send it
there are others as well
there are big companies that fund
development of useful free software
governments fund a lot especially in
Europe so yes there are ways to do this
but if you don't find one that doesn't
excuse non-free software next
[Applause]
why why not why not add a condition to
the license restricting organization
which violated human rights in the last
10 years from using our software
because
uh we can first of all if we if we
allowed licenses that restrict Freedom
zero that limit how the program is used
then we would find ourselves facing
loads of different limits
and the result would be a system you
couldn't confidently use for anything
and the other thing is
that in free licenses are based on cop
on copyright and copyright basically
says once you've got a copy uh in the
normal way you can run it as you like
for so we couldn't really stop them
uh and they would get their governments
to make exceptions for them mostly they
are governments uh they're not going to
enforce their copyright laws against
their own use
so it wouldn't work and it would destroy
our community
there's an article about this where I've
explained it more clearly in gnu.org
philosophy
uh you'll have to look for it
we only have time for one more question
because this is the first talk of the
day and we don't want to start getting a
question at microphone number five
please thanks I want to thank you so
there are security benefits to uh deals
on on smartphones because it prevents 95
of users to you know fall for drive-by
downloads and similar you can say about
um
could you get to the point well is there
an alternative yes uh the benefit comes
from the fact that it's checking whether
code is signed by somebody now if you
enable that voluntarily and if you can
choose
who is the signer and you if you have a
way you can turn it off when you really
want to then it's a useful feature that
can be done in free software
what makes it a jail is the fact that
the users don't have a choice
they don't have control over it
thank you very much Mr Stoneman and
thank you to the audience and please
give us some Applause there's 3 000
people here and I need a hero that
uploading