Dear viewer, these subtitles were generated by a machine via the service Trint and therefore are (very) buggy. If you are capable, please help us to create good quality subtitles: https://c3subtitles.de/talk/388 Thanks!
So welcome fellow
hackers, scientists,
artists, philosophers
and free thinkers.
I'm very glad you
had time.
You came to this place, you joined us in
this session, found this space time,
and I invite you to tune
your synaptic pathways
and let us show you the latest in human
and machine interaction with the example
of brain computer interfaces,
open source brain computer interfaces.
So these are systems
where you connect your mind directly
to a machine. And we all know this from
sci fi movies or literature.
But now it's possible to have electrodes
to put it on the on your on your head,
basically. And with today's
it's simple technology called EEG
in a simple case, because in
at home you cannot have like a big FMI
machine. We use EEG and
this technology is well known in medical
and psychology areas for
eight years. Just what now is possible
to make it miniaturized like what I'm
currently wearing is a wireless neural
headset. It has active tri electrodes
on the forehead where they think the
consciousness is vibrating
and now it's feasible.
It used to be possible a long time.
The hippies did it and the military did
it. And measuring the
brain brainwaves, the electroencephalogram.
But now it's possible to miniaturize it.
And for example, simply,
I was going to check the brainwaves while
I'm talking and send them via Wi-Fi
on another VEMA.
And so so it's a new area because now
everybody can do it. It's no longer
necessary to have a big lab and an
expensive machine.
We are introducing with this talk the
brain Luigino is the device which
you can build for a little less than 100
hundred dollars. And it's a low noise,
high quality brainwave amplifier that
sends you basically a Bluetooth or Wi-Fi
signal that you can open with any
programing language. And because of this
new technology, now, this becomes
possible for basically everyone who wants
to do it to use this technology.
And that's why we put so much energy
into having open source technology
available and a low entry barrier.
So I try to for you, try
it for you, find the world's best experts
in this topic.
I myself have come to this
Congress 15 years ago and
was introduced to some new ways
of thinking.
And since then, basically, I
worked on this project and then traveled
the world to find other people who know
about this. And so
I'm Dr Evolution is my
stage name. It's a matter of mine
evolution. So it's the middle
level. You think about something from
outside of the system and look at the
system like communication,
talking about how we communicate
holistically, looking at the mind from
the perspective and
giving this to everybody.
And so the evolution of the mind
is this project name.
And then the first person who came to me
who wanted to work together
was NeuroFocus and
then also Musleh
Hirakata.
I met him in San Francisco.
He worked on it before
I was born. He worked on it like for 30
or 40 years. He will tell you later about
the history.
And basically, I believe these people on
stage here in the world of open
source, in the world of hacking, outside
of military, outside of medical
places.
Are the world's best team here for
you to now introduce you to to this
technology? So first, I'm going to give
you a small overview and maybe some
motivation.
What you can do with this technology then
not really doing.
I like to call him NeuroFocus will tell
you about also the mind hacking aspect
and the science science
aspect.
And then, as I like to call him,
Professor Kahuta, because he's
the old wise guy, he will actually
tell you about the hardware, about the
brain. Do you know how it works?
The amplifier. And what I even like
more is because he has been there since
the beginning, he knows what it
was like. You know, he built the first
brainwave amplifier before there were any
digital computers. So he actually
connected an amplifier to
an oscilloscope and looked at these
brainwaves on an oscilloscope screen.
And when the first personal computer was
available, he did it.
So basically, he has a lot of experience.
And I think it's very interesting to
share the early perspective when it was
not working on this technology and
basically the early days of
brainwave technology.
But if you can look forward to their
past as well.
So just a quick overview.
What we are basically doing with those
neural headsets, as people call them now,
is measuring the brain activity.
And it comes from those clusters of
clusters of neurons. We have like
millions, billions of it, and
they generate electromagnetic fields,
which eventually result in small
charge, small voltage differences on the
scalp to appear.
And we picked this up with the electrodes
and amplifier 25000 times
and then send it over Bluetooth.
And so it's mostly
large scale dynamics, just.
No, most large scale
dynamics, so we cannot pick up individual
thoughts or individual neurons,
just collective, like maybe 50000
neurons when they are firing together,
then we get a small spike.
So basically, it's very abstract, zoomed
out a thing.
We cannot detect any individual brains
with this technology in the military.
They can actually put an antenna
to your head from a distance and see the
shapes. What what are you visualizing
currently? If you're dreaming, somebody
can put an antenna to your head and see
in black and white the shape
outline of the person you see, but
not with the egg, e.g.
we get the event rated potentials and
general oscillatory processes
collectively.
So if the neurons collectively firing,
so it's more like the background general
operating mode of the brain left and
right brain. So are you sleeping,
dreaming? Highly focused, relaxed.
That's what we can detect.
And then various patterns arise and
at the individual electrodes, but also
how they relate to each other.
So the general different things used to
be categorized in different frequencies,
Delta Theta ever waves, what is really
interesting now is this new technology,
because there's almost always so much
noise. If you have any noise in your
environment, even high frequency, you get
harmonics and they could make your signal
clip. You know, we are picking up
individual neurons also because change is
all this noise, reducing the noise.
So it wasn't it wasn't possible to go
up beyond 50 hertz because of the
noise of the transfer transformers
everywhere. So but now we can measure up
to 200 hertz.
It used to be unknown to science that the
gamma and lambda waves and they
are for, you know, exotic state.
But I guess, you know, this is basically
it's let's keep going.
Of course, it's different. You know,
which area of the brain you put the
electrodes. If you want to control
things, you put them on the motor cortex
where your whole body is mapped.
So then it's possible to imagine
you make a fist with your left hand.
And now on this area, there will be a
signal coming and on the right
side as well. And they have hundreds of
chimpanzees doing joysticks and getting
sugar water and eventually the chimpanzee
stops using a joystick.
Just imagine doing a movement
and that's how you can do.
Then you would put it to the
to the motor cortex. But we are most
interested for artistic purpose and
meditation. The frontal cortex, the the
youngest area of the brain with these
patterns that arise, Risalah.
So then the motivation here, why is this
interesting? Of course, you have the
medical use if you have depression,
autism, I like to say our
system simply harmonizers, the brain
activity of different electrodes rewards
you when when you have more synchronicity
in the brain is a complex mathematical
formulas, coherent things.
But whenever your brain is more
synchronous, it rewards
you. So basically, I think it
basically heals any you know, I
used to have very most people have in
their brain waves some some gaps.
And basically this can unlock
all your brain to to to
to vibrate in all kinds of frequencies
and to vibrate more subconsciously.
And as a as a first thing,
of course, you can you can improve
different brainwaves where you are locked
into something like depression.
When you can get out of a mental state,
you can use the neural feedback, the life
visualization of your brain to reward you
whenever you go into a direction that is
out of the state.
And so I believe and some
people say you can cure autism,
depression, but basically it goes
beyond that. You can do self-improvement.
You can you can reprogram mental patterns
because of the real time thing.
You look at your brain oscillating on the
screen, you hear the sound in real time.
Then you can start playing around with
things and you notice how it changes,
like surfing, surfing through your own
mind, and thereby you can adjust things.
And eventually people after five minutes,
when they do when you try a system which
is possible later, you can come to to
the neurologist. Might take us long to
try to by yourself. You realize after a
few minutes you can simply use this new
muscle in your mind.
The very people call it chakras or
whatever, you have stuff in your mind you
can do.
And if you have to build something,
individual empowerment and enhanced
interactive society because people
interact differently, I guess you can
read it yourself.
Art, music games
are very interesting.
I really like to neurofeedback meditation
thing because you can change your
consciousness. You can say I want 12
hertz in the right brain, seven in the
left.
And you know, that's the whole thing is
the open source.
There will be the pharmacy industry,
there will be Microsoft, Google,
everybody, people will be coming.
And you where those new headsets and we
will improve your mind you.
But you can you can fly through virtual
reality, but they will kind of tell you
use our closed product.
And we have done the research.
We are experts. And just look
at the screen and your mind will improve.
But I say I say to you,
decide for yourself what frequencies and
what brain activity you want to increase
in your mind. And that's why
I recommend using open source software.
And you can simply say, OK, today
I want to try maybe 50 hertz in my right
brain or 42 hertz and
the left brain and the visual cortex
should be at this seven percent.
And then just try this and you can
research yourself what you can decide for
yourself, what brainwave activity you
want to amplify in your brain instead of,
you know, getting getting whatever
other people think your brain should be
like. And this this freedom, that's
basically what we fight for.
So definitely a dark
side to it, you know, the mind
taking the it's my thinking going on all
the time in the media and the
brainwashing, but with this, it's really
crazy. It's actually possible all of this
accompanies like a motive, more
and more young people where those new
headsets, not cells built like this one,
but commercial plastic devices, they wear
them for extended time and they deal with
World of Warcraft casual gaming
and wear them all the time.
And it's possible to hack into those
Windows machines remotely and change
the open driver and, for example, display
for a short amount of times certain
numbers and a symbol, for example, the
symbol of a cash machine just for a few
milliseconds while they're playing a game
and then display certain numbers.
And there's something in the brain.
P300 event created potential
that basically checks all the time.
Oh, I recognize this.
Or I make sense or I have seen this
before. What the fuck is this?
And it's always going to unfold as true
and false whenever you get the stimuli.
And basically you can start data mining
the brain. When somebody is playing a
game, they're completely unaware, you
them certain symbols hidden in the game
or just for individual frames
and then set numbers and their brain will
react and say, yeah, that's that's the
first and that's the second.
That's my password.
And you try brute forcing different
numbers and the brain will tell you
that's the password. That's my bank
account. And if some people
of you were wearing a brain interface
now, I could actually do this when I do
the presentation, insert some
small information in this and then
at the end pick out people and say your
birthdate, your PIN number, your
password.
But it's enough to make you aware of
this.
And so so that's really scary,
you know, people when they don't know
they wear those headsets and somebody is
actually data mining your brain and, you
know, picking out information and the
remotely, you know, somebody is in front
of you, they can hypnotize you, whatever,
but remotely in a massive scale
would be possible. For example, you do
World of Warcraft and a new plug in
or Facebook, the new plug in to share
your brainwave with your friends and they
upload it sounds
nice, you know, but in all those
quantified self apps, you actually need
three times to press council to disable
the automaker function for you.
So that's an app for checking your pulse,
for checking your breath.
And you need to disable three times to
press council so it's not back up your
data, basically sending your heartbeat
and your brain waves to their server.
And you can do certain machine learning
things.
And
it becomes possible on a massive scale to
to surveil the dreams and minds
and and then to decide, like in American
prisons, if you want to get out early,
they check your brainwaves and they say
you have unusual brainwaves.
You cannot go out your brain with a
normal OK, go out in society.
And and then, you know, this danger you
should be aware of.
And for example, they can
also do they can also do the calibration
thing like data
mining, the subconscious, the
neuromarketing, some people like to call
it. They show you advertisements, they
show you pictures and they check how your
brain reacts.
So what you can do is
see, for example, the
excitement, attention and mental openness
someone is currently experiencing.
For example, you see on this person at
five a.m. whenever they are in the game,
at this point, their mind is very open or
they are very excited.
And then you show them the advertisement.
And basically that's like brainwashing
them so much more powerful and
then you should watch out for this.
So that's why we later will propose a
opensource firewall for brain interfaces
that does intrusion detection to
basically check if somebody is mining
your brain and then block the IP.
At least, you know,
the firewall is quite tricky.
You cannot simply say the band pass
filter. You do not allow the 20 Hertz
framework. It's more complex.
You have complex patterns to to make a
classifier for brainwaves is
known for the project.
Once we have to classify it, we can do
something like net filter IP tables,
have brain tables. But before this
classifier is available, we
can do intrusion detection.
For example, if this P300 happens
unusually often where you are
flying around in space in the game,
the system could check, OK, why is there
so much history going with two of us?
Somebody might be data mining.
Your brain block the connection for some
time.
I recommend starting this those
applications if you do neuro gaming
because people can do this also, they can
induce sensory hallucinations.
They can make a screen flickering and at
the same time, check when your brain is
aligned to this.
And then this would be more effective
emotional manipulation.
They then correlated perception filter
adjustment. Yeah, basically it's
brainwashing and the
big marketing companies, maybe, you know,
this guy, they are going to do
it and which is fine.
But then if we have open source
alternatives, I think it can be useful.
Yeah, that's the thing with the firewall
you do the event created potentials,
dynamic time, fingerprints.
If it's you know, if there's like
somebody scanning for scanning you, you
can see, OK, there are different parts
checked in a certain time interval, maybe
randomized or not.
If that happens in your brain, somebody
is mining, they've created potentials.
They will be Redflex later.
The data abstraction signal feature
encapsulation filtering.
And then
I want to invite you to think about this,
what would be a consumer
freedom manifesto? So what are the safety
guidelines, what we should be aware of
when we construct this technology?
For example, some of you might be joining
Google and Apple or Facebook
and actually program those systems in the
future that, you know, do those brain
interfaces. And then maybe you can think
about those issues.
What are the personal rights like
cognitive personal rights
and why those things are maybe
important, maybe it should be preserved,
this individual right that nobody enters
your mind and maybe there should be an on
an off switch on every device that has
this that actually physically allows you
to switch it on and off and those things
personal home, your safety.
If it was in a medical context, what is
important? Let's collectively think about
this and define this
as a safety thing.
So how does it actually look like just
how this actually works, basically
through the electrodes, noise filtering
amplifiers, operation amplifiers, analog
digital conversion.
Then a microcontroller, then the
Bluetooth thing is basically like a
soundcard high quality sound
card for low frequencies, so it's very
linear so that the hardware side is kind
of true, that it's more like a sound
platform for low frequencies.
And that's how one visualization can look
like you of the left and right brain, you
have all kinds of indicators for for
relaxation, focus and so on.
And what you can do eventually, you know.
The medical people usually look at the
Rossignol, but then at least, you know,
for transformation, that machine learning
stuff can be interesting and.
And especially the machine learning will
be a big topic, um, you
can do all kinds of if you have many
electrodes or if you have multiple
people, ideally I'd give out 20 headsets
to you now and say try this and we would
be machine learning or,
you know, rewarding ourselves with their
brainwaves are similar.
Different machine learning, things you
can do important, I think, is
that you with most machine learning
algorithms, it makes sense to first do
some kind of feature extraction.
Don't fit the raw brainwave signal into
the machine learning first on a feature
extraction, for example, check what is
the Alpha and what is the magnitude of
Alpha Spike?
Or, you know, try to abstract it into
some features. For example, there was an
alpha spike to enforce.
How much percentage of Alpha was
ITAM?
And that's how a framework could look
like to to process those brainwave.
And yeah, now
I guess I give over to
your folks who will tell you more
about how this
works in detail.
So I'm glad that you're
here. Thank you very much.
I give the microphone to you.
Right. Can I have the presentation?
OK.
All right.
Hello, everybody.
So I guess already the time's a little
bit running, so I just
try to focus on the most important
aspects.
So, yeah, I want to talk about
exploiting brain computer interfaces,
which sounds maybe a little bit
like I'm in the rush because I think it
would take at least maybe 10
years. Let's say in the next decade
we will have more RincÃ³n if you don't
face us in mainstream.
But so I still think it's important.
Now think about it.
And that's why ultimately I think it
makes sense that this Congress to
speak about it.
And so as
a might or I did a lot of introduction
to this topic, maybe I just want to focus
on the methods
where I did some research.
And so
basically, of course, there was new
applications with a new technology coming
up. And we had the first neuro
gaming conference in San Francisco this
year. I think this is quite amazing.
Um, and yeah,
very much application, actually.
And so those ones are
proposed methods, which sort
of, um.
Yeah. Concern, uh, security and privacy
of of the user, actually.
And I think so one of the most
striking one is the neuromarketing.
I think it can also be misused if
we find ways actually, um,
to look how
somebody thinks about certain commercial.
And if this data somehow leaked out, I
don't know whether it's a good idea,
then, um.
Yeah. Also then there's been a lot of
talk, a lot of um.
Yeah. Publications coming up about
e.g. based biometrics and it's actually
rising the last years.
Um, you can see that by the number of
applications and was
quite striking I think.
And it's also just um, as
a security matter, fuzed with other kinds
of biometrics. The biometrics, again,
it's like, you know, I guess everybody
else you like fingerprints, for instance.
But the same with brainwave data,
actually. And so
and also Igbos PIN Generator.
Um, I would just scoop up a little bit
of OK, so
that yeah.
The method sort of say I think the most
striking ones I found so far were
actually gathering some information about
your health condition.
And I think this is quite um,
uh, well, not so
shocking I say, but um,
somehow could be, um,
strange. And then also and there was this
publication, maybe some of you read it
came out of 2012 about, uh,
uh, channel attacks and, um,
the use of BCI motive
and why they said they would lower
the entropy of the information by
almost 40 percent and,
for instance, find a little bit or
find out the PIN code or locations and
people. And then what I say is, uh, also,
um, possibly
to some extent there might be identity
theft possible.
I say this
maybe because it depends, of course, on
the system, how sophisticated it is.
But let's say for the, uh, for
the less sophisticated systems, that
would be definitely possible.
And so the first
thing about health, actually, uh,
you are getting information about your
health. Um, basically
there's this
there's like, for instance, normative
databases, uh, which is quite
popular and, uh,
in medical and
the medical scope. And you do lots
of ECG recordings, a lot of people, and
you can sort them by age, Kendrew.
And, uh, and then you also
have a, for instance, healthy people
and then you have some sort of,
for instance, neurological disorders
and you're able to make, um, estimation,
compare the user's framework with
this database and say, OK, so
he must be somewhere in the
30s maybe and has this kind of
disorder and, um, OK, maybe would
not take him for this job or something
like that, for instance.
I mean, if he had this affair and
OK, so then the knowledge
this is what I already, um,
said about this is again
the P300 already talked about it.
Um, just very quick, I guess.
Uh, um,
yeah. So I would say this
attention driven
reaction to something that
you see or something that you hear it the
interesting thing, the stimulus there is
it doesn't matter which kind of stimulus.
But we have targets and targets.
That's how we divide and for instance,
you see a lot of resources, a
lot of pictures of people, and
she doesn't know them at all. But at some
point, somebody who knows and we have
the P300, for instance, that is because
it's striking to him.
He knows the guy.
And what is he doing?
This collection of pictures, for
instance. And so this is basically
what a MARTINOVICH and his colleagues
did from
the University of Oxford and UC
Berkeley and Caneva.
Um, so they had some kind of calibration.
And what they did then set the,
um, that could simplify
the way to achieve private information.
And I found this quite striking.
I mean, it's leape situation and so
everything is perfect. But imagine
also, of course, with the advance of
machine learning algorithms, you could
somehow make it more easy,
actually, to get there and
do it even on consumer devices.
So, I mean, this was also his point of.
And then so the last thing I'd
just make a quick, uh, um,
time's running off is
biometrics. Uh, as
I said already, it's like, um,
there's a lot of research right now
going on there and different approaches
to this. And as I said, I made this
differentiation between sort
of say, um, I would say primitive,
but more easy approaches where I just
take frequent, uh, or
a certain frequency
ranges.
I find on the individual
a peak. And and
they claim, for instance, this very
old publication. But it's still going on
that, um, they claim that they have very
high accuracy rates here and
are the ones who are based on the piece
100 where
they show you certain animations or
pictures and then
just measure what's going on, um,
how the reactionary looks.
And so then,
OK, the simple method,
I think it's it's quite possible
if you gather some data from
some user and you just look at
some frequency range, for instance, of
course, and resting state, or if it
doesn't do anything or he's doing some
sort of test, that's usually what you do
if you want to do some
the quantified, uh,
um, statistics, for instance, or
um. And then I think there's
a way actually to, uh,
generate this from the sense that you get
the more advanced one is, uh, I guess,
uh, well, yeah, it
was a lot of machine learning and
and you would have, uh, friends and maybe
some inspiration from dynamic
modeling and you try
to actually model some cognitive
processes, for instance,
something with sentences, something you
see on the display, and then you would
simulate actually the P300.
I think it's a lot of work, but
I think it can be done actually to
some extent. Not completely.
Of course, we're not
half the way there with brain
stimulation also.
Um, but OK, so just, uh,
over you again, the three techniques and
of course of we
ought to be there. The New Revolution
Sibusiso to also talk
about this in detail.
And uh, so I will skip this part.
Um, this is
just I'm showing you the range of attack
that are possible, at which
point you actually would
put some malware or some bad software.
Um, I think there are different ways
possible. And this is the most
sophisticated audience for think about
creative ways to attack here.
Um, so I
think it's OK if I leave you with that.
And, uh, so then I
would just, uh, run through this.
This is the device that came
out and I would just put this
slide online.
Um, OK.
All right. I think it's OK.
I just hope, um.
So and then I would just skip this and
then.
Yeah. So does the coffee presentation.
Uh, part actually were just uh.
Yeah, actually I gather people for
uh think about actually neuro security,
just uh I guess I don't know if it's a
new phrase. I just put it like that
because as I said, I think
maybe it sounds a little bit early, but I
still think it's possible, uh, it
should be considered at this point
already, um, because
a lot of things are working on the cloud
and, uh, with your brainwave data
and, uh, yeah.
Then OK, maybe
I should just go to
I'm sorry.
Things switched to
Namak.
Let's see what Professor Carter says
about this and
switch this machine if it's possible.
That's the American action line.
So thank you for coming.
And I like to
show.
And this involves.
So currently, I'm connecting
our brain interface here,
then shows like
a Gissler.
So this is my rawData
left and right,
Bramblett Central, straight to
the.
Spectrum, this display.
And more directly into the microphone
and then control
the financial currently.
So I like to
do so, I like to show
how I ended up.
Yeah, OK.
So I I'd start
to use a narrow
amplifier before before
you start in nineteen
seventy two and
we're starting microcomputer.
I was so exciting to
do so many things with microprocessing.
So I designed it this way,
that very complicated,
so I ratable assembly programing
the time, and
so I Cappato
is a pretty nice, OK, you
know, whatever, but otherwise
so difficult to programing that time.
Then 1983
84, Lisa
and the Macintosh study.
So using
Pascha and ADA and Sea
using system also.
So I
did a special experience.
So to.
To drawings, some image
using Brahmbhatt, so this is a
beginning of the planned
computer interface for my experience.
That this is a
diagram for how control
mouse with the brain, but it's
just that I like to show this idea
that we really cannot see anything.
But it's a pattern
recognition function.
I including for how the
mouse is blended.
So this is a drawing
use the time
left.
Yeah.
So then.
So I designed
to try to return a
little bit, but
in nineteen eighty
five.
So,
yeah, thank you.
So the time machine
existing like that to answer only
like Pantanal recording on
the paper.
So
maybe five words.
OK, yeah.
So the time machine was so big
and so expensive anyway.
So those that I designed for
the benefit of
the time
then I said to
20 years ago for
into this world, uh, Macintosh.
So it is brush all the time,
and this is a device that had
so many experiences when
people, individuals
from
left to right.
So, yeah, this
is just
current application, looks like
it's, um,
but
that's about right.
Yeah,
and it's.
So it's a little boring here
and right here,
it's OK over time,
then, OK?
Then we can know we
can get richer,
we can see is dominant now how much power
we have from left or
right.
And it's just information
that can translate to the
numbers.
And they can't just get
transmitted by UDP,
send us an application
or in a sound application, can
get this information.
So.
So this is a clear time
currently. No.
To control decided mission after.
You know, OK,
so we can we can we
can do some interesting stuff like this
where.
So basically, the ideas you have left and
right brain and you analyze the different
patterns and you analyze the frequencies,
and from then you generate various
animations and ideas, you have the
conscious display, you can see
certain frequencies fully transforms that
for your conscious part of your brain
says, OK, this frequency is active.
But if you want to do a neurofeedback
things, it also makes sense to have
subconscious displays where you're not
really knowing what's going on, but your
brain in your subconscious will notice.
OK, maybe just reflecting object changes
diameter. Whenever I'm thinking of
somebody as someone I like or whenever
I'm thinking of my internal state, it's
rotating. So that's why, you know, first
you don't really know what's going on.
But it's very important to have a clear
scientific thing for your consciousness.
Some people like to see the clear
frequencies, but some people react more
to this. In fact, eventually after five
minutes, they realize, oh, that's me.
It's just after a few days they realize
seeing yourself. That's what's important
for neurofeedback in art.
That's basically why he has those
interesting animations.
Now we can take some questions.
OK, thank you, Megamind evolution, for
your very interesting talk.
So for questions, I would like
to call the
Internet questions first, please.
Yeah, we have three questions, actually.
One from White Rabbit.
Quiet, please.
If you're leaving, please be quiet when
you're leaving.
White Rabbit is asking how long
in terms of battery life can a wireless
Do-It-Yourself set up last
Tarsa set up with one or
ten electrodes.
Electrodes consume much more power
at.
It's a zero point to ampere
per channel and basically a standard
lithium ion smartphone battery will last
for five to eight hours.
But it depends.
Also zero point zero
point zero two and
current per channel.
So the more chance you have indeed to
amplify needs more power.
But you can with two channels, you can do
eight hours and do it yourself means you
can stick as many batteries to the
headset as you want. You know, for
example, this headset is
the latest three prototype.
You put small lithium batteries all
around the thing and I can get to to
multiple days with two channels.
So do it yourself, whatever you like.
If you like more channels, put more
batteries on it, but it's quite
efficient.
OK, we have enough time for one
more question.
I will take a question from the Internet.
Again, everybody who's in the house and
has questions, feel free to
contact the speakers afterwards.
Thank you. FPGA Light
asks, what is the bandwidth
within the brain in comparison to
the bandwidth that
you get out of your signal?
Well, I mean, the electrons pick up, you
know, zoom out.
It depends on the number of electrodes,
but we can do twenty four
thousand K sample rate.
But, uh, then with bandwidth
depends on the amounts of electrodes you
have. And, you know, just
basically, uh, we have
the more bandwidth and sample
rate is usually enough to have to doubled
and increase frequency of your
highest frequency. You want to measure
also and with Bluetooth you get
to some limitations. But with wi fi and a
new sparkle, for example, a new low
power, long range wi fi things you
can have eventually hundreds of channels.
There's no limitation, it's only what
technol technology transmission of
wireless transmission is possible with
the vortex encoding.
I think once
your head is full with electrodes, it's
still going to work.
OK, one more question maybe or
maybe not.
Thank you. Thank you for coming down to
join us and give another round of
applause to our speakers.