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[Music]
so
thank thank you everyone thanks to all
the people making this possible you're
doing an amazing job um I'm going to
present today for the KDE Eco project um
I'm uh one of the people who's helping
coordinate um the actual real hard work
is done by several dozen contributors um
some of them are here today um before we
get started so the title of my talk is
software licensing for a circular
economy what's false Got to Do With It
uh there's a lot of um uh citations in
the slides if you want to download them
and look up uh some of the resources
later um feel free to scan the QR code
if you remind me I'll come back to this
during the Q&A um you can also go to the
website e. k.org and you'll find uh the
slides at some point in the repositories
that are linked there um so I usually
don't do a who is um at the beginning of
my talks because the work is actually
being done the real hard work is being
done by other people and I'm here just
trying to uh spread the message about
what is being done um but the topic
today actually has a personal connection
with me um and I'm going to start uh by
um uh so this is a picture of a punk
band from Washington DC called fugazi um
I grew up in the like '90s early 2000's
uh DIY the do-it-yourself Punk scene and
um there I I find that there's a really
seamless uh um connection with moving
into the hacker space and the maker
space uh there's a lot of overlapping
ideas about um uh doing uh a duoc uh not
waiting for permission or a certain
expertise to get involved um a rejection
of Gatekeepers uh to doing things um
this band fugazi is probably one of my
favorite bands and they have a great
song um about critique a social critique
of consumerism um which is quoted here
um merchandise it keeps us in line uh
common sense says it's by Design what
could a businessman ever want more than
to have a sucking in his store um I'm
going to come back to that quote at some
point in the slides um so in I didn't
actually wasn't involved in in free
software until about 15 years ago when
my mom gave me a laptop that at when she
got it was was a u quite a powerful
machine this is probably the late '90s
um nowadays it would be uh you know
Antique Hardware and she gave it to me
because there was no operating system
that she could update and use with that
hardware and me in my sort of Thrifty
DIY mentality coming from the punk scene
was like okay cool I'll try to see if I
can make this work and that of course
led me to Linux cuz there was no other
option um that Hardware was unused
usable except for running a lenos
distribution and I tried a couple of
different ones landed on um I think it
was xfce at the time um and and continue
to use that hardware and that put me on
a journey which led me down to uh the
free software Community the hacker
spaces and now here at CCC that's pretty
much what my talk is about right that
experience of getting an old laptop that
had no value to someone else and then
giving it new value is what this talk is
about in a
nutshell um I usually like to start by
asking the audience a couple of
questions I'm going to do that again
today they're very easy questions um but
please uh feel free to to interact um
the first one is who here just raise
your hand who here is familiar with this
symbol okay most of you here um who here
knows what the three are are referring
to yeah who wants to say
it go ahead Reduce Reuse and recycle
okay that's the first question the
second question uh this is a collection
of essays it's a fill-in-the blank
question just yell it out if you know
the answer I know it's quite easy um
free software free free Society right um
so this collection of essays is uh
making a connection between one domain
which is free software and another
domain which is free Society that's a
huge connection right and how do they do
it um they do it through licensing right
it's probably the most unsexy topic but
this is how you go from one to the other
and it's licensing that guarantees the
Four Freedoms of free software the
freedom to use study share and improve
the software as you want okay now those
uh characteristics right they're not
features of free software these are
inherent to free software when you
choose to release it under a free
software license okay it's intentional
it's by
Design I'm going to summarize those in
two words autonomy and transparency I'm
going to use that throughout the talk
autonomy and transparency is basically
referring to the Four Freedoms and I'm
going to make a claim that those same
characteristics um are important for
ecological reasons and I'm going to
apologize in advance for the play on
words in the next slide um but the talk
today is going to be about free software
three Society okay or three R Society
okay and the idea uh that's driving this
talk is that autonomy and transpar
parency are what enable the three R by
Design um there are other terms for
enabling three R by Design that's
circular economy um three is actually
that's not a magical number um I mean it
is a magical number but it's uh uh there
are other models that have many more
than just three Rs I don't know how they
all start with r but I've seen 10 RS 12
RS um there is a fourth r that I would
be happy to talk about if anyone wants
to ask about it that's the Cliffhanger
at the beginning um but I'm going to
Focus today on the three r that that was
brought up earlier Reduce Reuse and
recycle um to make a comparison let's
think about what the noncircular
approach is this is a linear economy of
produce use and
dispose um produce here is uh you know
energy material input production and
distribution use of course is use and
then dispose would be disposal and waste
and emission leakage you can think about
all stages of the linear model in terms
of software or in terms of Hardware they
both apply I'm going to talk about it
today where the two intersect where
software meets
hardware and I'm going to talk about it
in terms of longer use to reduce E-Waste
reuse where you take something that
would otherwise uh be have no value at
least um from the vendor's perspective
um reusing it for other purposes and
Recycling and here I'm going to talk
about in terms of software
Recycling and to uh um compare it to
what a non-free software world looks
like when you're using proprietary
software these three stages at least the
way that I'm talking about it require uh
permission from the vendor right you as
a user or we as a society don't have the
autonomy or the transparency to uh reuse
uh Reduce Reuse and recycle okay we need
permission from the vendor or they need
to do it for us because we don't have
access to the tools that we would need
to do it
um one estimate uh this is from a quote
from Sarah King who's a a climate
science and and a circular economy
researcher um puts that shifting to a
circular economy is estimated to reduce
Global greenhouse gas emissions by up to
70% okay I'm not going to get to such
specific numbers in the slides here but
I hope by the end you can see how that
at least would be possible in the ways
that um I'm we're conceptualizing in it
here in
KDE it's not just uh uh me here on stage
or KDE Eco um that's recognizing
autonomy and transparency is important
for sustainable software the Blue Angel
uh uh which is the official um
environmental label of the German
government um also recognizes that
autonomy and transparency are crucial to
sustainable software design and they
have released uh Eco certification
criteria in 2020
in fact in 2019 the last inperson CCC um
Dr Ava uh K and Medina K presented the
the uh Blue Angel criteria you can take
a look at that um video online um they
recognized that that we need to have
these qualities in order to reduce the
energy uh consumption environmental harm
driven by
software so let's get to what is the
problem I'm going to talk about it here
in two ways I'm going to talk about it
in terms of the energy and resource
consumption driven by software in in
particular in terms of CO2 emissions as
well as the environmental harm of
ewaste let's do a little bit of of
History here um if you're interested in
the history of of climate science I know
that the researcher who presented
yesterday U Maria Elena forat is going
to be doing a bit of history on climate
science in the science slam tonight um
at
7:00 um so the issue of CO2 is not new
um we've known this for over 150 years
the first researcher to recognize how
CO2 will warm the planet um was a woman
Unice Newton foot it was actually
presented by a man originally later
published under her name um she did a
several experiments um looking at the
effects of the sun on various gases and
what she found is that the highest
effect of the sun's rays were in CO2 the
receiver containing CO2 became itself
much heated and on being removed from
the Sun it was many times as long in
cooling okay this is the first known
climate science uh
researcher uh fast forward about 60
years uh this is a article from a
magazine called Popular Mechanics in
1912 um in which they comment that
adding CO2 tends to make the air a more
effective blanket for the Earth and to
raise its temperature this effect may be
considerable in a few centuries okay
this is already you know this is aund
more than 100 years ago we've known
about this problem for a long time let's
look at now okay this is a toot from a
climate science researcher um from the
University of reading Ed Hawkins um you
probably can't see all of the the
details of the graphs here um just
generally they're all going up um with
the exception of one the one that's not
going up is the ice caps all the other
are CO2 emissions uh global warming
Etc and uh Ed Hawkins comments that
changes are emerging across the climate
system everywh we look the climate is
changing
rapidly these changes are not natural
they're primarily caused by the burning
of fossil
fuels this is another project a um
Outreach campaign from uh Ed Hawkins um
called show your stripes in which you
can make nice visualizations of the dist
disturbing trend of global warming um
this is the top graph here is for
Hamburg and the bottom one is for the
global uh climate change the Baseline
measurement is over three decades from
1970 to 2000 and then looking at the in
comparison to that Bas line the
temperature going back to when Unice
Newton foot made um her first
observations about the effect of CO2
okay and you can see that it's uh
rapidly shifting towards a warming
climate uh I just saw an article two
days ago in the New York Times that
commented the warmest year on record um
was this year and it's the warmest year
since we've been taking records of the
climate of the temperature um in 174
years I believe is the exact number and
according to our models perhaps the
warmest year in 125,000 years okay we
are in a climate crisis right now what
does this have to do with software I
haven't gotten there yet okay this is a
big picture overiew of the um Greenhouse
uh gas emissions of the ICT sector as a
whole this includes production
distribution usage includes training AI
models uh blockchain technology Etc and
uh this is a summary estimate from the
association of computing Machinery um
it's the oldest Association of its
type um this is from 2021 2022 sorry um
and uh the summary is that um right now
the ICT sector is contributing between
1.8 and 3.9% of global greenhouse gas
emissions uh which is about On a par
with the aviation industry which is uh
estimated to contribute
2.5% and estimates going forward are
that in the worst case by 2050 if
nothing is changed um we will be at 30%
of global greenhouse gas emissions
contributed by the ICT sector okay now
these estimates of projection very
widely based on various assumptions if
you're interested in some of that
research there's a link in the slide
here to a meta analysis um of of this
type of um uh projections of greenhouse
gas emissions from ICT
sector um thank you
um and the the report uh comments that
Computing can help mitigate climate
change but must first cease contributing
to
it so let's look at um how software
contribut Utes to um the greenhouse gas
emissions and I'm going to start with
production and this is talking about
Hardware in particular but you'll see at
the end how this relates directly to
software there's a disproportionate
impact of
production okay this is from the life
cycle carbon assessment of Apple um in
2017 it's Apple's own reports um looking
at the iPhone 7 in terms of the uh
proportional uh Greenhouse contributions
greenhouse gas
contributions um and what they find is
that production and transportation
accounts for over 80% of the greenhouse
gas emissions um of an iPhone over its
life cycle which is assumed to be four
years usage is only
18% right and production not only has an
a disproportionate impact on greenhouse
gas emissions um it also comes at huge
social costs right including human
rights violations this is a picture from
an article about the um uh supply chain
due diligence act uh which just came
into effect which means companies are
now responsible for their supply chains
um in the material that goes into their
products um the materials used for
smartphone batteries electric vehicle
batteries Etc require Cobalt this is
child labor at a Cobalt mine in the
Congo right so these these production of
these devices come at huge
costs let's look at usage right this is
uh inefficiencies in Computing right
it's the hardware that's pulling the
energy but it's a software that's
determining
that this is an example this came up
yesterday in um Anka um uh doshite bags
talk um this is a study uh published by
the German environmental agency
comparing different software products
doing the exact same thing uh that's
referred to as a standard usage scenario
and here we're looking at just the word
processors um this is word processor one
is is identified as an open source uh
word processor word processor two is
identified as a proprietary software
product and and you can see here that
the word processor 2 is consuming four
times the energy doing the exact same
thing as word processor 1 now for an
individual user this isn't that
significant I mean these are small
numbers but you have to scale it up
right you have to think that every
University every government office every
home has a word processor in it right
we're talking about potentially billions
of users a very simple example of
scaling up um this is uh from a
presentation by Deb left Toms this is an
example where you increase a uh process
by one CPU second which is about the
equivalent of 10 watt seconds energy and
you make an assumption that that's
multiplied by 1.5 million users that's a
very small number of users it's very
modest assumption here and assume that
that process that increase in the CPU
time happens 20 times a day that you
trigger that increase and 230 working
days a year year right just with this
simple calculation back of the envelope
calculation you arrive at 19 megawatt
hours of energy that's consumed in a
year to put that in perspective that's
about the equivalent of taking a modern
electric vehicle and driving from Paris
to Shanghai 6 times back and forth okay
this is from one CPU second
change okay now let's get to the the
disposal um in 2015 aam Steiner from the
UN environmental program uh commented
that we are experiencing a tsunami of
E-Waste rolling out over the
world and
2016 um the world uh generated um 45
million tons of E-Waste that would be
about the equivalent of material for
4,500 Eiffel Towers um to put that into
perspective if you were to stack those
Eiffel Towers on top of each other that
would be 17 times higher than Mount
Everest
this is in
2016 less than 20% of ewaste actually
gets recycled uh much of it stays in
drawers or in closets uh and a lot of it
ends up in
landfills in landfills although ew only
makes up about 2% of the total waste it
contributes 70% of the toxic
waste 2019 the world economic Forum um
declared ewaste as the fastest growing
waste stream in the world in 2022 we
reduced 60 million tons so a 30%
increase and it's only
increasing um there's also uh a lot of
environmental harm done to people and
animals and uh plants in uh e-w uh
disposal centers this is a picture from
Ghana uh where there's a major um
E-Waste uh endof life Treatment Center
this is a picture of burning of
insulated uh cables it's one of the
hardest things to recycle um at the best
case scenario uh you
these these this end of life treatment
is contributing toxic waste into um air
land and sea and therefore uh land
animals sea animals plants um worst case
people scavenge these for precious
metals um exposing them to toxic uh
waste like uh Mercury and Lead
okay
software um software design plays a
critical role right bloatware or feature
creep you might end up getting a message
like this device doesn't meet minimum
system requirements right um programmers
are programming their software to work
on more and more powerful hardware and
abandoning the older Hardware early
right you can do that you can be uh
inefficient when you have uh a lot at
your disposal aband and wear a planned
obsolescence um this device is no longer
supported um I I don't remember the
exact numbers now but in 2025 Windows 10
support is supposed to stop many of
those devices cannot be updated to
Windows 11 there are millions of of
laptops and desktop PCS that are now
going to be e-w because of this right
the result of this is that you have
unnecessarily high energy consumption in
use functioning Dei devices are
discarded as e-w and L end up in end of
life treatment centers or Worse
landfills and new devices are produced
and shipped unnecessarily and this is
due to software there was a a great
example of this in yesterday evening's
talk which was just such an excellent
talk about trains right software design
is often done in the vendor interest not
in the users right and there's this is
such a an egregious example of that in
designing trains to malfunction if
they're not being used the way the
vendor wanted right this is this is
waste right right we're creating extra
waste and when we do that when these uh
devices become obsolete because of
software right we we start the linear
process over and we replace that
Hardware uh by then producing
Distributing new devices uh using them
Etc and disposing
them okay so what is how does free and
open source software fit into this so
I'm going to talk today about how
autonomy and transparency interrupt the
linear model in particular at the
disposal stage and enable circular one
I'm going to talk about it in three
different ways lean software that is
eliminating unnecessary processes for
efficient Hardware use vendor
Independence for Hardware use to the end
of the hardware life cycle not the
software life cycle and software
recycling that is integrating new code
with existing code for new hardware
support so let's start with uh lean
software this is the reduced part of the
3r so longer use of Hardware um you can
achieve that by doing the same task but
having fewer Hardware
demands um let's go back to that uh
German environmental agency report um
comparing those two word processors now
we can look at that same um those are
the same energy consumption measurements
but now over time so on the X AIS you
have the the time and Y AIS the power
draw and this is the the top graph here
the green line is the open source
software and the bottom one is the
proprietary software they're not
identified in the report you can
probably guess which software products
they are um I've just uh reduced so I've
modified the image to just focus on so
opening the document is the first thing
and then it do various um tasks that are
done in both software products at the
same time um editing the text changing
the fonts making the fonts larger
smaller all the usual things you would
do with a word processor but I actually
want to focus on that blue line that
goes towards the right side of the plot
this is the point when the document is
saved
and then the software goes idle or it's
supposed to go idle you can see here
there's a little small Spike right after
that that bump that's you know writing
to disk um uh doing the the necessary
processing um for the open source
software product it actually does go
idle you can see it falls into a
baseline energy consumption um the
proprietary software product continues
doing things now it doesn't say what
it's doing in the report maybe some
really clever people can figure this out
um it maybe do some network analysis
perhaps it's Telemetry um it's maybe not
in the benefit of the user it might not
have anything to do with the actual
functionality of a word processor um we
don't know and this is one of the real
powers of autonomy and transparency as
you can see what it's doing and if you
don't like it you can change
it and by changing it by removing those
un unnecessary processes let's go back
to that same scaling uh example but this
time let's reduce the energy consumption
just by reducing it by one watt second
sorry one CPU second um you uh reduce
the energy consum about 10 watt seconds
and you can do the same back of the
anvelope calculations and you end up at
the same number 19 megawatt hours of
savings this is uh for perhaps things
that users don't want
right now I've been giving a talk
similar to this uh in various forms over
the past two years and if I can convince
500 developers that's not it's a very
modest number there's something like
10,000 plus people here 500 developers
to make just 10 of those kinds of
changes multiply It Out by 19 megawatt
hours and we're talking about 95,000
megawatt hour savings that's about the
equivalent of the annual energy
consumption of 30,000 2 person
households okay this quickly gets into
small City level energy consumption for
very modest
changes uh and I'm going to come back to
this idea of individual changes collect
itive savings individual actions
Collective actions um towards the
end so what are we doing at KDE Eco so
this is some of uh the early work done
measuring software this is for ocular
this is done in collaboration with the
umel compass beinfeld um they uh uh
measured ocular um to see how much
energy was consuming and this is the
result this is doing typical tasks that
you would do with a a document reader
like a PDF reader um opening the
document uh scrolling through the pages
highlighting some text annotating it and
you can then see and correlate that with
energy consumption so the first step is
measuring right we need the
data now up until recently um this at
least for us was only accessible from an
in-person lab and we set up a lab about
a year and a half ago a little less than
that um you can see that on the um right
side of the the the plot here um in kab
Berlin kab has been very generous giving
us a space in their offices to set up an
actual physical lab we have a system
under test dedicated for measuring
software a power meter an external power
meter connected to it to um record the
energy draw and then we have a data
aggregator and evaluator a Raspberry Pi
which is then triggering all the actions
now up until this summer you had to
actually go to the lab to use it that's
that's quite difficult especially for an
International Community like KDE um to
actually go to Berlin and and do this
work so we have um a great project this
summer uh
from Karen jot Singh under the tutelage
of fuler ker who's here among some
others um to integrate this into the
gitlab CI pipeline so now when a
developer makes changes and wants to see
how the energy consumption changes um
from um those that the development of
that software they can uh prepare a
standard usage scenario script upload it
into gitlab and then trigger the
measurement process that then goes into
the lab in kab Berlin automates the
entire process gives you a report back a
summary report which can be used either
for data driven decision- making about
software development or for Eco
certification um which is then left as
an artifact um for the developer um so
this has now all been automated it's
still a work in progress if you're
interested in this we want this to be
something that's available for all free
software developers not just KDE if
you're interested in it please get in
touch um we need people to test it we
need people to improve it so we would
love to have you um join
us um I'm going to skip this for the
sake of time I'm going to look at some
other work that we're doing so there's
now we're tagging bugs and merge
requests with an efficiency tag so we
can track the changes being done in
terms of efficiency at KDE um this is uh
not always just because of energy
consumption measurements but also just
general bugs related to inefficiency
things like CPU spikes um uh freezing
hanging uh Etc um we since we started
tagging this about I think a year ago
maybe a little bit more than that um
this is from October and I think we have
about 350 uh efficiency mrss um there
probably more now so we can now uh track
the development that we're doing in KD
in terms of
sustainability another aspect that I
think a lot of free software users
completely take for granted is that you
can uninstall
things right this this seems uh obvious
if you are using uh uh Linux it's not
obvious to many other people um so
uninstalling or selectively installing
only installing what you need and not
more not less right is going to make
your system more lean which means it's
going to have um it's going to require
less CPU when you start and and and shut
down the computer it's going to occupy
less uh memory um when you do updates
you're going to be requiring less
updates to be downloaded from uh the
servers and then to be um um updated
into your
system
and
the the the online so so interacting
with the network is also consuming
energy and again I think in the free
software world we take this for granted
that you can use software offline and
you can opt out of advertising this is
from a report for the EU um about um
unwanted data use from EU smartphones
it's only related to smartphones it's
only related to EU uh this is a nice
plot showing the you know the
Smartphones at the top there and then
connecting with the network uh
connecting with data centers and the
power that's needed to um to to to
achieve all of that um the uh they look
at the ad and tracking Services how much
energy would be saved if users could opt
out of of tracking that they don't want
in the first place and they estimate
that to be about the equivalent of the
annual energy consumption of I think it
was 350 to 950,000 EU citizens in one
year okay this is is something that
people don't
want that just to put in perspective is
about the the largest uh number 950,000
is about the size of a city like Lisbon
or
Turin so being able to opt out of that
being able to run offline means that
you're removing all of that extra energy
consumption um that you maybe don't want
in the first place all of this is making
your software run leaner all of it's
making it more
efficient um in KD Eco we are now
working on documenting this and putting
it into our about dialogue and KD
software how the various aspects like
uninstalling software um how to
uninstall software um the uh energy
consumption reports if there's Eco
certified software all of that is going
into an ECOT tab um where almost ready
to do this we need we have one obstacle
right now which is the web design if
anyone is a web designer here wants to
help out we'd love to have your help um
and so that we can start to give this
information to users so that they are
aware of the ways that they can make
their software run more
efficiently okay the second Point vendor
Independence and Hardware use so
software Freedom gives Hardware value
over its entire life cycle right that's
the uh going back to my mom giving me
that laptop that's exactly what was
happening right the hardware still had
value but the software was making it not
um giving at least the impression that
it no longer had
value and this is a very similar example
of this um autonomy and trans parency
means that you can continue using
Hardware that the vendors didn't intend
to be continued to use this isn't a um a
MacBook Pro from 2009 the end of
software life was in
2019 um it's still this is a real
example it's still in use there was a KD
contributor when I was asking around of
examples of of
this um that they are still using this
Hardware with up-to-date software
today okay I'm going to skip over for
the sake of time um and go to the last
point and then wrap up um software
recycling there's a really cool project
uh I saw a talk um about at Ubuntu
Summit a sahi Linux project you may know
about it um they are porting Linux to
the new um Apple silicon and um they're
doing some really amazing work uh
they're able to provide a fully
functional system because they can take
the work that they're doing which is
incredible and integrate it with
existing code in this case uh plasma
very proud to say KD plasma um with the
next release fedoros uh 40 we KD plasma
6 which would be um major release in
February um um they can integrate that
with existing code and provide a fully
functional system um for users and that
of course then when you go down the line
of that linear model means that later on
or right now we can start to make it
more run more efficiently and when Apple
no longer supports that Hardware you can
continue to use it in other ways because
now we have a fully functioning um
software system for
it and again um using the the
terminology of the theme of the uh CCC
this year vendor dependency means your
Hardware is locked because of the
software and it's unlocked um because of
free software so I'll stop here so we
have some time for questions um and
thank you very
[Applause]
much
[Music]
so we have a couple minutes we have
couple minutes for questions um whoa
what's going on there um we have four
microphones in the room and we have a
signal Angel online and um I see a
question from microphone number one yes
hi thanks a lot the great talk a lot of
insights and um I like the the um
labeling in the merch request area um
for efficiency and thought about uh
manually or even automatically assigning
the labels due to the output of unit
test or something um so um that you but
this would mean you have Labor like an
environment run all the unit tests and
know the performance per executed test
unit and assign this then and see if
energy is increased or not if you
thought about implementing such a
process uh to to fully automate the the
assignment of
labels uh fully automation of the labels
no we haven't thought about um so so
that's something we can think about it
makes a lot of sense um so thank you for
the comment yeah yeah thank you so uh we
have many questions I can see in very
little time keep your question brief and
to the point at microphone
three uh yes my question is um the
picture you show up with the iPhone 7
about um you know 80% during the
production and 20 usage um for which uh
duration what is uh um this picture so
the Assumption in their report is a
lifespan of four
years so that's Apple's assumption um
that's for their iPhones for their uh
laptops and desktops it's 5 years so
question for microphone
2 yes uh I was wondering as a long-term
KDE user um the I noticed that the KDE
plasma desktop has become much more
efficient over recent years um and I
always attributed this to plasma mobile
the plasma mobile project
uh how much of that did like these
battery optim optimizations for um
plasma mobile how much did that play a
role in this development thank you so I
can't speak specifically to that because
I'm not developing Plaza mobile I don't
know if if I can speak generally to that
but I don't know if anyone from KDE
who's working on plasma biall would like
to yes yes the answer is
yes um and that would be my I would
suspect that would be the case because
the the flip side of Energy Efficiency
of course is also optimization they're
not the same but they're going to be
related to each other and that's already
something developers are doing um right
now so so microphone for yeah thank you
uh you forgot the 99% of all devices in
embedded systems and uh now my questions
we are planning at the it faculty of the
university in hbr to make a new Bachelor
track with for efficient programming and
efficient embedded systems and now my
question uh do you think it's attractive
for young people to for this track
because we are new in this field and and
uh we are have no idea is it really
attractive to get a programmer who is
able for efficiency programming and
algorithm I think yes and if it's not I
hope the work I'm doing is making it
attractive and that's what I'm trying to
when I get up here and talk about the
work that other people are really doing
is to to try to make this a topic that
is something people want to care about
um but yes I think already it is is so
very briefly microphone one yes thank
you for your great talk uh you had this
nice graph about the uh life cycle of
the iPhones and I would interested if
you have something similar for
laptops especially if you use older
laptops I have some old ones which have
a very high energy consumption compared
to newer ones and uh where this levels
out if it's okay to use an old one or
better to use a new one thank you yeah
so there is a sweet spot where we're
retiring old Hardware because of its
inefficiency actually outweighs the
negative impacts of the production and
distribution where that sweet spot is I
don't know if anyone has actually come
up with a number um and if you are a
researcher in this area um and you know
of a number let me know or do the
research um I don't know that so I don't
know the numbers off hand but that
report from Apple does have also numbers
for the laptop and uh desktop uh domain
um and that's great that they're
publishing that um so you can come up
with a similar uh plot for their devices
in their report so we're rapidly running
out time really quickly three um thanks
for your inir inspirational talk um are
you aware of any differences concerning
the first part of your talk in uh
hardware architectures and their energy
consumptions uh like be GPU CPU or
architecture Intel whatever is there
some work down on that too there is work
done on that by researchers doing a lot
more than I'm doing and I can't really
speak to it but yes there is work done
on that I've seen talks where they're
looking at the energy consumption and
distributing task through CPU and GPU
and things like this um if you look
online I'm sure you'll find something
and if you want to talk later I can try
to give you some resources that might
help you uh find those um answers to
those questions and thank you and very
very last question microphone number two
um so ultimately free software users are
a vast minority uh in Computing um so
this sort of feels like the debate
between like vegetarians and vegans
about who's most environmentally
efficient when like people are eating 20
hamburgers a day I'm wondering uh what
we can do to what you can think we can
do to drive adoption among more less
techsavvy users to try and gain some
more of these benefits so I've been able
to convince for example people in my
family to start using Linux when their
laptops couldn't be updated from
Microsoft um and I said why throw that
away I can install a easy to use
distribution give it a try and that
convinced them and I think we have a
really big opportunity coming up in 2025
when the end of life for Windows 10
happens um for many users I mean there
are literally like hundreds of millions
of devices that are going to be ewed at
that point I think we can do campaigns
to start raising awareness about this
issue and trying to Target those users
of course it's a completely different
you know we're a decentralized
self-organized in many respects
community and we don't have the the kind
of financial backing of um of of a
company like Microsoft or apple um but I
do think we have resources available to
us um uh KD has a project in mind that
will be an Outreach campaign related to
this um which hopefully we will start in
2024 and go for a couple years um so so
hopefully we can start to do to take
advantage of the poor practices of other
companies to raise awareness of how free
software can actually keep those devices
in use which many people want okay and
with that we're at the end of our talk
thank you very much thank please help me
by thanking Joseph on this amazing
[Applause]
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talk